Beta-blocker use at discharge in patients hospitalized for heart failure is associated with improved survival.

BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated that beta-blocker use at the time of hospital discharge significantly increased postdischarge treatment rates, associated with an early (60- to 90-day) survival benefit in patients with heart failure (HF). However, it is unknown whether this therapeutic approach can also improve the long-term survival. We thus examined the long-term effects of beta-blocker use at discharge on outcomes in patients hospitalized for HF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) (ejection fraction <40%). METHODS AND RESULTS The Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology (JCARE-CARD) enrolled HF patients hospitalized with worsening symptoms and they were followed during an average of 2.2 years. A total of 947 patients had LVSD, among whom 624 (66%) were eligible to receive a beta-blocker at discharge. After adjustment for covariate and propensity score, discharge use of beta-blocker, when compared to no beta-blocker use, was associated with a significant reduced risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 0.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.358-0.889, P=0.014) and cardiac mortality (HR 0.489, 95%CI 0.279-0.859, P=0.013) after hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS Beta-blocker use at the time of discharge was associated with a long-term survival benefit in a diverse cohort of patients hospitalized with HF.